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Palm-leaf manuscript
Palm-leaf manuscripts (Talapatra grandham) are manuscripts made out of dried palm leaves. Palm leaves were used as writing materials in South Asia and in Southeast Asia dating back to the 5th century BCE,〔http://www.cedar.buffalo.edu/~zshi/Papers/kbcs04_261.pdf〕 and possibly much earlier. They were used to record actual and mythical narratives. Initially knowledge was passed down orally, but after the invention of alphabets and their diffusion throughout South Asia, people eventually began to write it down in dried and smoke treated〔 palm leaves of Borassus species (Palmyra palm) or the ola leaf (leaf of the Corypha umbraculifera or Talipot palm).
Once written down, each document had a limited time before which the document had to be copied onto new sets of dried palm leaves as the document decayed due to dampness, insect activity, mold and fragility. With the spread of Indian culture to Southeast Asian countries like as Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, and the Philippines, these nations became home to large collections.
With the introduction of printing presses in the early 19th century, this cycle of copying from palm leaves came to an end. Many governments are making efforts to preserve what is left of their palm leaf documents.〔(論述貝葉經整理與編目工作 )〕
The rounded or diagonal shapes of the letters of many of the scripts of South India and Southeast Asia, such as Telugu script, Lontara, the Javanese script, the Balinese alphabet, the Odia alphabet, the Burmese alphabet and the Tamil script are believed to have developed as an adaptation to writing on palm leaves, as angular letters tend to split the leaf.〔Sanford Steever, 'Tamil Writing'; Kuipers & McDermott, 'Insular Southeast Asian Scripts', in Daniels & Bright, ''The World's Writing Systems'', 1996, p. 426, 480〕
== Regional variations ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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